The data what we give as an input to the machine can’t treat  same way, and computer can’t differentiate them properly. So , in programming data is categorized into different categories , which called data type. Numeric data types can be used in arithmetic and logic operations. Character data types can be used to manipulate alphabetic strings.

There are frequently a number of different numeric data types, which usually represent the different data types available on processor hardware. So we might have integer types, which hold lots of digits but no exponents, or floating point types, which may not hold as many digits nor be as accurate, but will hold much larger and smaller numbers when exponents are taken into account.

 Also data type gives the programmer to choose the amount of space he wants to allocate to a particular variable in the program. Since the compiler doesn’t know what value you are going to store in a particular variable it will allocate the same space for each new variable, thus compromising the space efficiency.

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